|
One of the various reasons Charlie Parker's reputation
continues to grow quietly is that his music also seems to be telling us
something uniquely interesting about our own world of the most recent
past. Thus the current public memorials in his home and adopted towns
all date from the 1990s.
Charlie Parker Memorial Plaza in Kansas City opened in 1997, and was
graced by a giant sculpture of Bird's head in 1999. Avenue B in
Manhattan was renamed Charlie Parker Place in l992. The adjacent annual
Charlie Parker Jazz Festival began in 1993. The former Avenue B
"Charlie Parker Residence" was placed on the National Register of
Historic Places in l994, and became "a New York City Landmark" in 1999. Perhaps
not entirely coincidentally, the 1990s mark the short happy life of the
almost instantly fabled dot.com boom as well, in America and the world
at large. And when you listen today to the bebop jazz that Charlie
Parker did so much to pioneer, it does evoke something of the same high
technological optimism in American culture that marked the heady start
of the new age of the Internet.
If you are in the right mood,
at least, the music itself can suggest that some crucial seeds of the
1990s tech-boom must have been planted in the 1940s and earlier 1950s,
during the age of Bird's own rapid rise and fall at the most innovative
edges of American popular music. And as it happens the 1940s and
earlier 1950s were also key years in the early history of the computer. The
first ENIAC, or Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzor and Computer,
was completed at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of
Electrical Engineering in November 1945 — more or less just as "Ko-Ko"
was being recorded in New York City, some three-and-a-half months after
the end of the Second World War. In 1947 (the year Bird got back on
track, after six months of relaxation and healthy living in a
California state hospital) Bell Telephone Laboratories developed the
transistor. And then the first UNIVAC, or Universal Automatic Computer
was launched in 1951, less than four years before Charlie Parker's
untimely death.
All this might help explain why the bebop jazz
invented in the 1940s gained some fresh attention in the 1990s. Bebop's
characteristic complexity and speed, and its obsession with technical
mastery, have some parallels in the new universe of the
microelectronics revolution and the personal computer. Bebop jazz is a
kind of music that you might guess would come out of cyberspace. (And
the consummate old jazz-age entertainer Cab Calloway's 1940s complaint
that bebop was "Chinese music" perhaps took out some new lease on life
in the 1990s as well.) Yet if both the technology of
the 1990s and the music of the 1940s were new, the heady American
technological optimism that helped float them was not. It went at least
as far back as Benjamin Franklin in the late 18th century.
And among many others subsequently, American technological optimism was
written about with insight by Thorstein Veblen, in a book called The Engineers and the Price System, first published in 1921 — the year after Charlie Parker was born.
It
seems unlikely that Bird ever read Veblen's book. But according to
Sadik Hakim (the listed piano player on the classic "Ko Ko" recording
date), Charlie Parker "hated the name bebop, which was Dizzy's
concoction." And, without wanting to belittle Dizzy's other talents as
a trumpet-playing contributor to the music itself, it could be said
that Bird was the great engineer of bebop jazz, and John Birks "Dizzy"
Gillespie its great business leader and main connection with the price
system. Just what Thorstein Veblen would have made of
either the music or its always precarious branch of American business
culture is unclear. He died in a shack in the woods near Stanford
University in California, in 1929, not quite four weeks before Charlie
Parker's ninth birthday. But both "Bird and Diz" were confirmed
technological optimists, and shared vast enthusiasm and talent for
technical mastery and artistic engineering in their new music, whatever
it might be called.
It could also be said that the sudden crash
of Charlie Parker, and bebop jazz too in several respects, in the
middle of the 1950s, was echoed much more loudly again in the dot.com
bust, right at the start of the 21st century (with its
strange international political punctuation in the 9/11 disaster of
2001). Yet the evidence remains all around us that, even with the
dot.com crash at the end of the 1990s, the age of the Internet has only
just begun. It has already transformed the present, and is bound to
have a continuing vast and profound influence on the future. Bebop
jazz, it can be argued, remains one of the few equally vast and
profound creations of modern American culture. In the 1980s Red Rodney,
another of Charlie Parker's old trumpet-playing colleagues, declared
that bebop is "the hardest jazz to play and still the best."
When
you listen to it today — once you have finally lit your own fire,
greased your skillet, and started to cook, at any rate — you think
about how a culture that can create music like this must still have
some enormous potential for a bright and very interesting and even
possibly a brilliant future, no matter how many busts and crashes and
other transient delays it meets along the way. And regardless of just
how long it may or may not remain the world's single largest national
economy, and its overwhelmingly largest repository of military power,
of a certain technological sort. A wider and increasing
public awareness of such thoughts, in one form or another, may be the
best and most optimistic explanation of why certain branches of the
American people started raising public memorials to Charlie Parker in
the 1990s. Nowadays his music is at last in tune with the times — as it
never quite was during his own tormented life on planet earth. |